Business Studies Easter Project Essay

Introductinon As you probably already know Asda is one of the leading food superstores in Britain today. Asda is part of the Wal-Mart group however before this Asda was on its own. Asda has been part of the Wal-Mart retailers since 1999. Asda was formed in 1965 by a group of farmers from Yorkshire, today Asda has 245 stores, with 19 depots across the U.K. Asda’s aim is to sell its products 10-15% cheaper than its main competitors. Asda sells a variety of products including fresh food, grocery, clothing, home, leisure and entertainment goods. In my report I have gained my information form the Asda website and I also interviewed the store manager of the Asda store in Longsight. In my report I will discuss the following performance indicators: Labour Turnover, Labour Productivity, Absenteeism and the Morale of workers. Performance of Company Asda has recently been valued at being worth à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.3 billion, which includes all its assets. Anyway I think that it will be too complicated to discuss the performance indicators on such a large scale. This is why I am going to just concentrate on the performance of the Asda store in Longsight. When I asked Sue (the manager) if labour turnover was high, she replied by saying that it is an average level. (i.e. not too high and not too low). I then said to her that this must mean that staff must feel demotivated and therefore leave. She replied by saying that it was because they employed a lot of young students and this was the reason for a lot of people leaving because they couldn’t fit the shifts in with their work. I believe that this means that although labour turnover is high, it is not an extremely bad point. When we discussed the labour productivity of the workers, she said that the staff, work very hard in every department whether it is the deliveries, clothing, music or work on the checkout. Many products were sold in each department but obviously some were sold much more than others. The labour productivity really determines how many products are sold, as items are obviously not being produced at the store they are being sold there. She also mentioned that everyday there are at least 2 people who are around the store to just help customers or provide tasters of foods. I believe that this helps to increase productivity, because customers may feel more welcome and more sales may be made. I then asked what the turnover of the store was each day. Sue replied by saying that on the weekends they generally make more money and she said that last Saturday they had a turnover of approximately à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500,000. I believe that this clearly shows that labour productivity is high at the Asda store in Longsight. I then went on to talk about absenteeism. Sue said that this was generally low without any notice, and that there were hardly any people who didn’t give notice when they were going to have a day off. But she also said that absenteeism was a good point because it gives workers a change because they can swap shifts with one another. I agree and believe absenteeism with notice is not so bad. Sue said the the morale of workers was generally high. She said that staff were paid at a time rate starting from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.15 per hour. The following incentives could be motivating factors for the staff at Asda: Tell the team- putting your ideas across Stars- can be cashed in for gifts. ABCD- A certificate for dedicated workers. Bonus payments- for reaching certain targets Share plan Private Healthcare Discount on new cars Travel insurance Staff Discount Card I believe that the following incentives will make workers feel motivated. This is because it makes the workers feel that they are being recognised and that there work is appreciated. It is not only the financial incentives that are important for motivation. It is also for example the certificate for working hard which could motivate. And even the fact that workers can put their ideas across, which may make them feel a real part of the company. There are some improvements that could be made to the performance indicators. Firstly as we know labour turnover at the Longsight store is at an average level as many workers are students. We can solve this problem by allowing the shifts to fit in with the workers education, by offering them certain shifts. And then there is the labour productivity which is already very high, so I believe that this should just be kept at a constant level. And workers should just continue with the good work. Absenteeism is a problem when the workers don’t come into work without any notice. To solve this problem I believe that managers should phone up absent workers to see where they are. And if they persist in not coming into work then this must mean that they feel demotivated, so managers should try to find out what the problem is. I know that the incentives that Asda offers are very good, but I generally believe that managers should talk to their staff a little more and just give them general assurance that they are doing the job in the right way and to show that their work is appreciated. Conclusion I believe that as Asda is worth over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.3 billion this must mean that they are not going too wrong. And another fact that shows that Asda is doing well is that it was voted the best company to work for in the year 2000 by the Times Newspaper. And in 2001 it was also voted supermarket of the year.

Which Has Exerted a Bigger Effect on War: the End of the Cold War, or Globalization?

Back in human history, there could be found more than 14, 400 records of wars that have occurred in the past, by taking the lives of billions and affecting the social and political order worldwide. Wars in the contemporary world have gradually been changing in form, mainly due to globalization, by overlapping in different spheres of brutal conflicts and small but extremely dangerous organizations like terrorism and insurgencies. Nevertheless, their true nature and intentions have managed to preserve through ages, as a general norm of social behavior, involving extreme violence, desire for power and manipulation, as well as conflicts established on the basis of religious or ethnic issues. In addition, the end of the cold war had a great impact on the global socio-political picture by establishing a completely new image of international relations, forms of external associations and a strong push for a military affair progress.Could Cold War Have Been Avoided? To understand the nature of war, its influence on current affairs, as well as the impact of globalization on war matters, I would first provide a general definition of â€Å"war†, by presenting some theoretical approaches. Eventually I would concentrate on the impact of the post-cold period and finally, conclude with the affect of globalization. War and theoretical approaches: Scholars have always provided quite contradictory definitions for a â€Å"war†. Indeed defining â€Å"war† could be a complicated task. This is due to the fact that even if the nature of a war remains constant, it always reflects the particular time and place in which it occurs. In other words, the current time, situation, the initial core of the problem, as well as, the level of violence and particular actors would greatly influence and define the type of conflict. Thus, establishing a general idea of a ‘war’ might end to be quite inaccurate. Nevertheless, I would try to present the main general definitions, based on different theoretical approaches. Quincy Wright, for xample, describes war as a â€Å"conflict among political groups, especially sovereign states, carried on by armed forces of considerable magnitude, for a considerable period of time†. (Baylis, 2008, p. 213) Judging by his statement, we could conclude that it’s a realist approach, emphasizing on the power of the state and the highest level of sovereignty that possesses. Another approach of defining war is the definition of Hedly Bulls claiming that war is an â€Å"organized violence, carried by political units against each other†. (Baylis, 2008, p. 14) This definition could be accepted as inappropriate because not every single action of violence is defined as a war. In addition, war could involve and other internal actors except political ones like citizens for example (religious, racial conflicts). A third approach by Clausewitz explains war as â€Å"an act of force intended to compel our opponents to fulfill our will†. (Baylis, 2008, p. 214) This definition is more liberal based as it stresses more on the power and affect of globalization than on the state sovereignty. Even though all of these definitions seem to differ in terms of theory, we could generalize some common characteristics between them, which are organized violence, state or non-state actors, as well as military force and manipulation. To get a better understanding on the definitions, the change of warfare, as well as the impact of globalization and post-cold war period, I would like to summarize and stress on two well known theories: Realism and Liberalism. Realism, first of all, stresses on the power of the state and its sovereignty, representing it as the main actor on the world stage. It also expresses world politics as a ‘self-help system’ and a ‘struggle for power’ between states (Baylis, 2008, p. 5), trying to dominate and maximize their national interests. In addition, globalization is not important and does not affect political world. Liberalism, on the contrary, emphasizes on the effectiveness of democracy, underlying that states are not the only main actors. Transnational actors, international corporations and organizations (like terrorism) are also playing a key role in defining warfare and its evolving. Also, liberalists admit the importance of globalization, economic and environmental issues. Considering the current international affairs, as well as the decline power of state actors, we could assume that the Liberal theory quite successfully matches with the recent socio-political events. Thus, I would further analyze the change of warfare from the perspectives of the Liberal approach. Post-cold war period: The fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, resulting in the end of the Cold War, put a new evolution in the structure of the international relations and the international system. That indeed brought some influential domestic attributes like democracy system in some post-communist states. In addition, the number of wars sharply declined but not and their crucial brutality. A lot of ex-Soviet Union members, as well as some eastern European countries like former Yugoslavia experienced tremendous crisis. Many states disintegrated, which led to bloody civil wars and insurgencies. Another great factor was the new system of democracy that former communist states had to accept. Some states indeed benefited from that but for others that turned out to be a vast and sudden change resulting in more economic crisis and chaos in the population. In addition, this led to the active participation of world organizations like the United Nations, as well as NATO and EU in preserving the peace and avoiding any brutal conflicts that could follow. Such intervention and anti-conflict actions influenced not only the warfare but human morals, as well. People’s understanding of politics, economics became more globally based, not just state-isolated. A state problem eventually turned out to be a global problem, like the war in former Yugoslavia, 9/11 and the current affairs in Egypt. The post-cold war period gave the first strong push of a massive globalization. Indeed, globalization has always existed in human history and has always been an inevitable process; nevertheless no one has particularly mentioned it before the end of the Cold War. Another great change that affected the warfare was the absolute hegemony power that the USA gained. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the international system changed from a phase of ‘bipolarity’ into a phase of ‘unipolarity’. Thus, USA’s global influence speeded up even more the going on process of globalization, turning it in to â€Å"Americanization†. (Baylis, 2008, p. 13)USA was surely outstanding in terms of military power and technical innovations; nevertheless it did nothing to prevent the up-coming events of organized violence and particularly terrorism. A good example is the 9/11 event and the Iraq War in 2003. Even though USA had a magnificent superiority in terms of weaponry, technical and communication technology, the responding asymmetric attacks that followed, as well as the terroristic actions in London and Madrid proved the dramatic changes that have occurred in terms of warfare. Globalization: The revolution in military affairs that followed in the 1991, right after Gulf War, built a new image and form of the contemporary warfare. With the vast development of technology, communication, Internet and media, war was eventually converted into a new form of a war conflict, unfamiliar for the old Westphalian Order ideas. The primary Westphalian characteristics of a territoriality, fixed boarders, self-determination and states as only key-actors completely contradict with the contemporary current global affairs. And indeed, Globalization is more than just interconnectedness. It involves much more than cooperation and international relations between states. It eventually dissolves the state boarders, turning the world into a â€Å"shared social space†, (Baylis, 2008, p. 18) as well as, placing the economical and political activities into a completely new transnational global scale. Another important factor of globalization is the â€Å"time-space compression†. (Baylis, 2008, p. 18) Nowadays, any power or military actions could be exercised from a distance and fulfilled for a relatively short period of time. Globalization has broken any possible barriers involving distance, space or time with the help of Internet, communication and media. These factors have resulted in an entire new generation of warfare. In such a new era of innovation and high technology, new non-state actors have managed to transform both cyber place and media into a real battlefield. From one hand, this has led to the creation of highly effective and complex weaponry machinery, ensuring better protection and momentum responds to military actions. On the contrary though, that also leads to terrorism, organized crimes, violence as well as, weapons of mass destruction. With the ability of producing and exporting such powerful technology, the safety of humans and the brutality of contemporary warfare are surely not on the way of declining. Another negative consequence of globalization results in the different economical level of the world countries and the continuous growing gap between them. Indeed globalization is useful and helpful for powers like Japan, USA and Russia but other countries like Sierra Leone or Eritrea definitely lack the benefits of globalization. This creates poverty, eventually crisis, which could lead to civil wars and more bloody violence. In the past decade, 95% of the armed conflicts have occurred within states rather than between them. Such new wars take place in states where the economy is extremely poor or even collapsing. Conclusion: Many of the characteristics of warfare mentioned above are not new features of war conflicts. They have been existing for a long time since early human history. That includes religious or ethnic confrontations, or any other kind of conflicts performed with extreme brutality. What really empowered the contemporary warfare and made it so massively destructive is globalization. It is the human ability and necessity to protect or manipulate, to defend themselves or just to apply control over a state of civilians. It is hard yet to predict what other crucial impacts globalization would have on humanity and eventually on warfare. Whatever the reason though, wars would never stop to exist and they would be always a human norm of a social behavior, that would adopt according to the current environment and current period of time. References: Baylis, John, Smith, Steve and Owens, Patricia (eds.) (2008). The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, Oxford: Oxford University Press (4th ed.) Boyer, P. (2001). The Oxford Companion to United States History. Post–Cold War Era. Retrieved January 29, 2011 from: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-PostColdWarEra.html Encyclopedia of the new American Nation. Cultural Relations and Policies – Globalization and the cold war. Retrieved January 29, 2011 from:

Prison Riots Essay - 1294 Words

Management positions in prisons are known to be very demanding. Correctional facilities are difficult to operate and are forced to deal with overcrowding which leads to an outnumbered staff and a continuous flow of violent and dangerous inmates. An issue that management faces is the occurrence of riots. According to dictionary.com, a riot is a disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons acting together in a disrupting and tumultuous manner in carrying out their private purposes. Some riots are characterized by organization and demands, others by weak and confused formation of leadership, or conflict and violence among inmates themselves. In some riots, prisoners inflict suffering on hostages, inmates treat hostages well,†¦show more content†¦Prison staff is now dealing with a less stable and sane person than they originally brought into prison. At this point, any aggravation can push an inmate over the edge which can lead to a riot in seconds. An example of what happens when prisons become overcrowded took place in Trenton, New Jersey in 1952. The small prison was made up of sexual psychopaths, passive homosexuals, aggressive wolves with long records of fights and stabbings, escape artists, agitators and incorrigibles of all ages (Blackwell). While Trenton’s overcrowding was minimal compared to today’s standards, there was 1,312 inmates in a facility designed to hold 1,190. The cells were old and rundown, barely lit, and infested with rats that were fed better than the inmates (Blackwell). The prison began hiring tougher, more rugged correction officers to combat the rowdy inmates. The inhumane treatment of the inmates contributed to an unstable and volatile emotional state among the inmates. Around midnight on March 29, 1952, the inmates began to tear apart their cots, using the metal legs to pry open their cell doors. The inmates â€Å"chased their guards out of the wing, barricaded the entrance and wrecke d everything they could lay their hands on. They smashed cell toilets, shredded beds, broke windows and set fires† (Blackwell). The guards broke the will of the inmates after 46 hours by using tear gas and water hoses. Two weeks later, a groupShow MoreRelated Lucasville prison riot Essay625 Words   |  3 Pages Around 3:00 pm on Sunday April 11, 1993 a riot started when prisoners returning from recreation time attacked prison guards in cell block L. The guards held the keys to the entire cell block and it did not take long for the prisoners to take full advantage of the keys. Four beaten guards were released within hours of the attack but 8 were retained. The riot was started for many reasons but the most obvious reason was TB testing on Muslims, they do not believe in using needles to take blood or forRead MoreThe Death Of Prison Riots1134 Words   |  5 PagesPrison Riots To first understand what causes a prison riot one must comprehend the definition. A riot occurs when a substantial number of inmates control a major portion of the prison for a significant period of time. Riots greatly differ from a disturbance or incident, which in most cases, are on a much smaller scale with the inmates having little or no control of the prison. Most would contend that riots or disturbances are not well organized when in fact, it is the prisons own disorganizationRead MoreAttica Prison Riot and Prison Reform1362 Words   |  6 Pagessleep at night, suddenly disappears? This is exactly what happened during and in the after effects of the Attica prison riot of 1971. 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For New York’s gay and trans communities the 1960’s marks a turning point in their history; Sodomy had been reduced to a misdemeanour, with a maximum sentence of six months in prison, theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Harvey Milk1583 Words   |  7 Pagesdanger, to venture into the unknown, and to persevere in spite of difficulties that one may face. Marsha P. Johnson, a transgender woman of color who lived during the civil rights movement, is credited for throwing the first brick during the Stonewall Riots of 1969. Her choice to stand against police brutality in a time when most psychiatrists still viewed any break of the status quo as an issue or mental illness would eventually lead to the reformation of detrimental and unjust Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender

The Goals Of The City Emergency Management Operations

The goals of the city Emergency Management operations unit are â€Å"to save lives, protect property and the environment, stabilize the incident and provide for basic human needs† (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2013). A well developed emergency mitigation plan for this community will help to reduce the impact of disasters and save life and property. This paper will explore how different social groups of people react to disaster and various ways people react to disasters. Some of the key points to highlights on this paper include the importance of mitigation, each mitigation strategy listed, special needs population considerations. The paper will also access the applicability of the five hazard mitigation strategies including; hazard source control, community protection works, land-use practices, building construction practices, and building contents protection to the community. Disaster is an unexpected occurrence that caused enormous physical, economic and social damages to the affected community in such as way that they cannot build their community with own resources (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, n .d). Peoples affected by disasters usually go through cycles of emotions such as shock and disbelieve. Some feelings of guilt and thought like â€Å"why me† also surface in disaster victims minds. Disaster recovery and rebuilding is overwhelming, causing anxiety emotional reactions to victims. Reactions to disasters are mainlyShow MoreRelatedEmergency Responders Face The Difficult Task Of Ensuring The Safety And Wellbeing Of The Citizens1645 Words   |  7 PagesEmergency responders face the difficult task of ensuring the safety and wellbeing of the citizens they serve. Natural and man-made disasters augment the daily threats that responders face. 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Essay on Brave New World Sacrifising Free Will - 1767 Words

Aldous Huxley created a literary masterpiece which shows a possible, dismal future produced by the misuse of science and technology. In his book, Brave New World, the World Controllers use various scientific methods to dehumanize the population in order to control them. The advanced use of biotechnology has allowed the government to completely eliminate family and have the population physically engineered to fit specific specifications according to the needs of society. They also use different methods of brainwashing in order to ensure the population properly conforms to their outline of civilization. Through the use of primitive conditioning techniques combined with current ones, everything the people think, like, and dislike is†¦show more content†¦Bokonavosky’s Process is used to turn one fertilized egg into as many as ninety six embryos using, â€Å"a series of arrests in development,† such as X-ray treatment, freezing and thawing, and alcohol poisoning (Hu xley 6). This process does significantly weaken the embryos which is why it is only used on the lower classes. Through this process, identical twins are created, â€Å"by scores at a time† (Huxley 7). This, combined with the Podsnaps Technique which causes egg cells to rapidly be produced, can turn out an average of about eleven thousand people from just one ovary (Huxley 6-8). Occasionally, the embryos are even further conditioned by methods such as depriving them of oxygen in order to lower their intelligence (Huxley 14). These assorted biotechnologies play a major role in dehumanizing the population. The World Controllers predetermine what role their people will play in society and they often condition them for that role. The people never get a chance to find their own place in the world based on their personal desires, wishes, and dreams. The government has completely taken away their free will to choose what they want to do with their lives. This decision is one of the g reatest personal choices a person can make and the fact that the government does not even acknowledge it shows a terrible disrespect towards the general population. Leon R. Kass, who once advised President George W. Bush on bioethical issues, stated that

Implementation on Organizational Capabilities †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Implementation on Organizational Capabilities. Answer: Introduction: International Game Technology or IGT is the best manufacturer of slot machines and lottery machines. IGT had a habit to depend on several unique systems to control their unique departments of accounting, manufacturing, sales and orders of customers. When an executive of IGT needed to master the status of a particular order, he or she had to experience all the sorts of system to search for a simple piece of information. To get rid of this particular problem, IGT decided of adopting ERP package for their business of lottery machines (Schniederjans and Yadav 2013). Enterprise Resource Planning is the mixed management of several business activities or business processes like finance, sales, marketing, product and production planning, manufacturing, inventory and materials management (HassabElnaby, Hwang and Vonderembse 2012). ERP is referred to as the sub classification of business management software that is necessary to manage, collect, reserve and translate data from the previously mentioned business activities. Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP has various remarkable advantages, which make it extremely acceptable and famous amongst all small and big organizations (Hung et al. 2012). The major advantages of ERP are as follows: Efficiency: The main benefit of ERP is that ERP increments the efficiency and productivity of any organization and which makes it famous for all (Candra 2012). b) Competition: The next advantage is that it helps the particular organization in competing with all other organizations in the market. It makes the process simpler for them. c) Cost Effective Maintenance: It can be simply maintained in lower prices and thus can be termed as cost-effective. (Hung et al. 2012). d) Security: The next advantage is that these packages are extremely safe and secured and thus information never gets lost often. e) Scalability: ERP systems should be structured and they are extremely scalable and flexible for all organizations. The goals, which IGT wanted to attain by implementing an ERP package are as follows: i) The main objective of IGT was to integrate all of their systems flexibly. The accounting department of IGT required one simple system that will perform all of the accounting works of the organization. Simultaneously, the other departments of IGT need their individual systems (HassabElnaby, Hwang and Vonderembse 2012). Thus, it is recommended to IGT to implement a full ERP system for their organization. ii) IGT needed a particular software that can be simply integrated or updated and also it should be of low cost. Therefore, IGT selected ERP (Hailu and Rahman 2012). The version of ERP that was selected by IGT implemented was SAP R/3 version 4.6 ERP for their organization. The stakeholders of IGT needed to maintain their three major functions of business that are manufacturing, development of product, and finance via their platform of ERP. iv) Another major goal of IGT for using the ERP was to produce various changes and monitor budgets in producing and launching brand new products, just like the EZ Pay cashless aspect (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). v) The other objective of IGT was to help the employees to search for the plant locations that are building for the machines. The previously mentioned statements clearly represent the objectives and goals of the International Game Theory that they wanted to attain by bringing ERP packages in their business (Hasibuan and Dantes 2012). Enterprise Resource Planning is the action through which a business, most often a manufacturer, manages and integrates the main departments of the organization (Galy and Sauceda 2014). The management team of an ERP system mixes all the important sections, for example the human resources, purchasing, inventory, finance, sales, planning, and marketing. International Game Technology had thought of adopting ERP for their organization (Hung et al. 2012). ERP has various pros and cons. The pros of ERP are as follows: iv) Centralized Storage: It has a centralized storage, which keeps all the information and data in a single storage. ERP software further helps in the back up of data. v) Several Modules: It has unique modules implemented in it, such as the SCM, marketing, CRM, manufacturing, human resource management, finance, and project management (Galy and Sauceda 2014). vi) E-commerce Integration: ERP software can be simply integrated with e-commerce sites and the management of tracking and processing of e-commerce sites based order can ne done easily. Cost Effective Maintenance: Maintenance of ERP can be easily done within lower budget for longer duration and thus can be termed as the cost effective maintenance. Efficiency: The main benefit of ERP is that ERP increments the efficiency and productivity of any organization and which makes it famous for all. ix) Business Intelligence: ERP software gives several functions of Business Intelligence, which gives an overall visionary on the activities of organization and recognizes areas for improvements (Ram, Wu and Tagg 2014). x) Scalability: ERP ERP systems should be structured and they are extremely scalable and flexible for all organizations. xi) Visibility: ERP produces complete visibility to all the business activities and processes for all the organizational departments. Modular Software: ERP is a modular system of software, which makes it possible to implement either many modules or some of the modules as required by the organizations (Hailu and Rahman 2012). In spite of having so many advantages, ERP do have some disadvantages. The cons of ERP are as follows: i) Time Consuming: An important disadvantage of ERP is that it is extremely time consuming and most of the time, it even takes one to three years to be completed and become functional. ii) Initial Cost: While starting of implementation, the initial investment of any ERP package is extremely high and most of the smaller businesses and organizations could not afford it (Ram, Wu and Tagg 2014). The initial software, testing, configuration and planning costs are too high in ERP. Excessive Customization: With the help of little customization it is not possible to integrate the business activities with ERP system (Galy and Sauceda 2014). iv) Indirect Costs: Direct costs are not incurred in the ERP implementation. v) Migration: It is important for any organization to move their existing data from one place to another. Any sort of migration of existing data to the new ERP software is almost impossible and therefore changing to a new system becomes extremely risky for any organization. vi) Payback: There is very little scope for payback or cost savings in ERP, which makes it less porpular for small businesses or organizations (Nour and Mouakket 2013). Participation: Users of ERP implemented organization should participate in the projects. Training: ERP is a little complicated to understand. Therefore, training of the users and the employees are required each and every time in the organization. IGT should have kept in mind the previously mentioned pros and cons before implementing ERP in their business. Any organization before the implementation of ERP should do it carefully. There is a drastic alteration in the management after the ERP is implemented (Hailu and Rahman 2012). The organizational stakeholders play distinct roles for the selection of ERP packages, the implementation, planning, adoption and the ongoing support phases. The roles of the organizational stakeholders are of several sorts. Stakeholders of an organization are individuals or collection of people within a particular organization. They have a stake in the result of an ERP implemented software project and the permission of these stakeholders is required to launch such type of project, function it further to a successful accomplishment and to make sure that the product is completely utilized (Nour and Mouakket 2013). Stakeholders, being the investors have the benefit to move a particular project towards the success. They lead the organization in selecting the perfect ERP package that can help IGT to attain its goal s (Hasibuan and Dantes 2012). Moreover, the stakeholders can even help IGT in the implementation process of ERP. The stakeholders of the organization also handle the change management of IGT. At first, the scope of the change is determined and then the scope of incorporating the change is determined. The stakeholders then either approve or reject the change in IGT. Finally, the ERP is implemented in IGT (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). Therefore, IGT can control or manage the change management of ERP with the help of the stakeholders. References Ahmad, M.M. and Cuenca, R.P., 2013. Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(3), pp.104-111. Candra, S., 2012. ERP implementation success and knowledge capability.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,65, pp.141-149. Galy, E. and Sauceda, M.J., 2014. Post-implementation practices of ERP systems and their relationship to financial performance.Information Management,51(3), pp.310-319. Hailu, A. and Rahman, S., 2012, June. Evaluation of key success factors influencing ERP implementation success. InServices (SERVICES), 2012 IEEE Eighth World Congress on(pp. 88-91). IEEE. Hasibuan, Z.A. and Dantes, G.R., 2012. Priority of key success factors (KSFS) on enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation life cycle.Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies,2012, p.1. HassabElnaby, H.R., Hwang, W. and Vonderembse, M.A., 2012. The impact of ERP implementation on organizational capabilities and firm performance.Benchmarking: An International Journal,19(4/5), pp.618-633. Hung, W.H., Ho, C.F., Jou, J.J. and Kung, K.H., 2012. Relationship bonding for a better knowledge transfer climate: An ERP implementation research.Decision Support Systems,52(2), pp.406-414. Nour, M.A. and Mouakket, S., 2013. A classification framework of critical success factors for ERP systems implementation: A multi-stakeholder perspective. InCompetition, Strategy, and Modern Enterprise Information Systems(pp. 98-113). IGI Global. Ram, J., Wu, M.L. and Tagg, R., 2014. Competitive advantage from ERP projects: Examining the role of key implementation drivers.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.663-675. Schniederjans, D. and Yadav, S., 2013. Successful ERP implementation: an integrative model.Business Process Management Journal,19(2), pp.364-398.

The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1532) Essays -

The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1532) The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1532) Type of Work: Political and philosophical discourse Book Overveiw "It is customary for those who wish to gain the favour of a prince to endeavour to do so by offering him gifts of those things which they hold most precious." To Machiavelli, his own most precious possession was the "knowledge of great men," which he acquired through experience and "constant study." He offered his guiding gift of knowledge to his prince, Lorenzo the Magnificent Di Medici. "All states and dominions which hold or have held sway over mankind are either republics or monarchies." Thus begins his primer for princes, combining his detailed training, logic and imagination to teach how political power may be obtained and "how the various kinds of monarchies can be governed and maintained." For the monarch who acquires a new state, there are many difficulties. According to Machiavelli, "Men change masters willingly [but a prince will] find enemies in all those whom you have injured by occupying that dominion." Moreover, those who have helped you in taking the new territory will stray from your camp because you cannot fulfill their expectations nor can you "use strong measures against them." Hence, "you will always need the favour of the inhabitants to take possession of a province." If a prince has the support of his new subjects, his position will be relatively secure. When new provinces share the same nationality and language as the prince's main dominion, then "it is very easy to hold them." However, if great differences in language and customs exist, "the difficulties to be overcome are great." The best way to overcome such differences is for the new ruler to set up residence in the principality. This enables a prince to keep close watch on his state and to quickly resolve any troubles as they arise. The next best option is to "plant colonies in one or two key places." Colonies have several advantages: They are inexpensive and are far "more faithful, and give less offence," because those few landowners who are dispossessed are too weak and scattered to fight back. Maintaining a new state by posting armed guards is the least favorable method. "The kingdoms known to history have been governed in two ways: either by a prince and his servants [ministers]; or by a prince and by barons." In the latter case, ruling is burdensome; barons have subjects of their own and are accustomed to exerting authority. In conquering a state, a prince can easily find barons who will join a movement to overthrow their king; but once the region is conquered it will be difficult to hold, since the barons may again band together to overthrow their new prince. On the other hand, "in those states which are governed by a prince and his servants, the prince possesses more authority." Princes acquire power by a number of methods: by good fortune, ability, villainy, or by "the favour of his fellow-citizens, which may be called a civic principality." If a villain-prince conquers a state, he "must arrange to commit all his cruelties at once, so as not to have to recur to them everyday and so as to be able ... to reassure people and win them over by benefiting them." In instances when a prince has been elevated to power by his fellow-citizens, authority is conferred either by the aristocracy or by the populace. However, " he who becomes prince by help of the aristocracy has greater difficulty in maintaining his power than he who is raised by the populace," for the aristocracy rarely relinquishes complete power and often has the means to usurp a prince's authority. The wise prince gains and maintains control of principalities both by "good laws and good arms."For these reasons an understanding of the various types of armies is essential. "The arms by which a prince defends his possessions are either his own, or else mercenaries, auxiliaries, or mixed." It is a mistake to employ mercenaries. They are"useless and dangerous" and cannot be trusted; "disunited, ambitious, without discipline, faithless ... they have no fear of God and keep no faith with men." Likewise with the services of auxiliaries (powerful neighboring troops used for defense). Except in the most extreme case, it is wise to shy away from their aid. "If any one ... wants to make sure of not winning he will avail himself of troops such as these." Both mercenary and auxiliary armies can turn on a prince: "If they lose, you are defeated, and if they conquer, you remain their prisoner." His own subjects serve